Loch Leven Castle & Mary Queen of Scots: by Theresa Breslin

Sometimes in our minds historical figures are inextricably linked to particular places. In the case of Mary, Queen of Scots, among the many castles connected with her name Loch Leven is remembered as the place of her first imprisonment and subsequent exciting escape. Not long after her third, final, and disastrous marriage, Mary surrendered at Carberry Hill in June 1567 to the Scots Lords who had risen in rebellion against her rule. Despite being promised safe conduct to visit her infant son, she was taken at night to be imprisoned within the castle on Loch Leven, near Kinross. Her jailors were the dastardly Douglas family, implacable enemies of Mary’s current husband, James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell

Mary had associations with Loch Leven earlier in her short reign as Queen of Scotland. One of her favourite pastimes was hawking and Loch Leven is a perennial stopover for migrating species of birds. She stayed there on several occasions with her second husband, Lord Henry Darnley, to take advantage of the hunting opportunities.

Located in modern day Perthshire, Loch Leven is a designated National Nature Reserve, one of the major sites in Europe for migratory birds. As the year ends, thousands upon thousands of birds, travelling from the Arctic Circle and northern Europe, paused to feed from the waters of the loch and the surrounding wetlands and fields. It’s a wonderful experience to see these enormous flocks of birds coming in to land, outlined against the glorious glow of a winter-red setting sun. It’s a cycle older than recorded history and when visiting the castle to research Spy for the Queen of Scots it struck me that this was a happening unchanged with the passage of time. I felt that I could block out the faint burr of the ferry boat engine and the chatter of picnicking families to see almost exactly what Mary and her companions would have seen centuries ago.  I could write a genuine witness account in as told by the main character, Jenny:

Suddenly there was a noise like the rustle of a thousand silken petticoats at a fabulous ball. Swinging and soaring above us, borne on the evening air, we heard the chittering of wild fowl as birds in their thousands came sweeping in.

‘Oh!’ I gasped in wonder.

Duncan too was gazing skyward. ‘At my home in Knoydart,’ he said, ‘there is a similar sight worth seeing in spring and late autumn. It is a stopping place for the wild geese as they travel their migration routes.’

All about us the birds came in to land on the river banks as the sun set.

‘It is quite wonderful,’ I breathed. Fiery red rays of light were slanting through the mountains. It was as though some untutored painter had released his palette upon the sky, as if God himself had dispersed a rainbow among the snow-crowned hilltops.

Another, less well known visit to the island by Mary was arranged so that she could debate with the Protestant preacher, John Knox, on the subject of whether those of a different religious persuasion, particularly Roman Catholics, should be allowed any type of religious freedom or civil rights.

Paintings of this show a timid Mary cowering away from Knox, whereas accounts from the time say that she gave him sound and strong arguments for religious tolerance. They can’t have parted on such bad terms for immediately afterwards Mary sought his advice on the marital problems of her illegitimate half-sister, Jean, and asked him to try to effect peace between her and her estranged husband.

But for the many tourists who visit the island it’s Queen Mary’s daring escape after almost a year of imprisonment that attracts them. What adds to the romance of the situation is that although the rebel Lord of the Castle was her willing jailor, some of the other males in the extensive Douglas family were won over to Mary’s cause and (as they saw it) the plight of a beautiful woman being treated unjustly. The most notable sympathiser was the young lad, Willie Douglas. On a pre-arranged evening Willie, while serving his uncle his dinner, dropped a napkin onto the castle keys which lay discarded on a table. When leaving the room the boy took away the serving dishes, and also the keys concealed inside the napkin. Beckoning to the Queen who was awaiting his signal at her window in the round tower he hurried across the courtyard and unlocked the main gate. Mary crouched in the bottom of the one boat Willie had left unchained and he rowed her across the loch to where the rest of her rescue party waited with horses.

When I visited the castle I had with me a young woman, scarcely out of her teens. As we left the castle jetty I thought of Mary, not much older than this girl, separated from her baby boy, recently miscarried of twins, making the same journey, shivering and in terror of life. I shivered too as the reality of historical events came sweeping over me like the shadow of the geese passing overhead.  

 

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Twitter: @theresabreslin1 

Spy for the Queen of Scots is nominated for the Carnegie Medal and an Illustrated Treasury of Scottish Folk and Fairy Tales  illustrated by Kate Leiper is nominated for the Greenaway Medal.

In conjunction with the Citizens Theatre and South Lanarkshire schools the Divided City musical will be produced at Hamilton Town House Theatre in February 2013 and in the Millennium Theatre in the City of Derry-Londonderry in March 2013     

The Earl of Bothwell – mad, bad and dangerous to know? by Theresa Breslin

James Hepburn, the fourth Earl of Bothwell, 3^rd husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, was a strong minded man and a fiercesome fighter who had wardship of some of the Scottish Border country which made up the “debatable lands” that lay between Scotland and England. He was a useful ally of the Scottish monarchs in that not only did he patrol the Border lands trying to keep the peace between the families who lived there, he could also rally thousands of Border men to his standard. His castle, still present at Hermitage, gives an indication of the type of fortress needed to withstand constant attacks.  

                                                                                                   

When the Reformation began in Scotland Bothwell supported the Protestant cause, but also remained loyal to the crown and the legitimate heirs to the throne. This gave him massive problems because the reigning monarch, James V, had rejected the ways of England’s Henry VIII in breaking from Rome and closing monastic houses. When James V died his French wife, Marie of Guise, remained Catholic, as did their daughter, the child who was to become Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary’s return from France as a naive teenage Queen with no experience of ruling a country was an opportunity for any ambitious nobleman of intellect and cunning to exploit the opportunity to gain power.  

Mary’s illegitimate half-brother, James Stewart, (later Earl of Moray) was a ruthless character who saw Scotland’s future as being tied closely to England. When Mary married Lord Darnley both Moray and Bothwell realised that their influence over the young Queen could be usurped by Darnley’s family. James Stewart sought the support of England’s Elizabeth I who was happy to provide money and arms to more than one of the Border families in order that they might make war with each other and reduce the chance of a Scottish army threatening England. Elizabeth also gave shelter to Moray and his fellow Scots Lords when they rebelled against Mary’s rule. In this Moray’s outlook was directly opposed to Bothwell’s and they clashed on many occasions.

Bothwell’s method of dealing with Border strife was brutal but effective. He personally led raids and on one occasion shot his enemy out of his saddle. Unfortunately Bothwell didn’t make sure the man was dead before approaching him and suffered almost fatal stab wounds. It was while Bothwell was recovering at Hermitage Castle that Mary, hearing he was dying, made a day-long perilous trip across rough terrain to visit him. It was this that convinced people she had more than a passing romantic interest in Bothwell. But he was a noted womaniser and it’s unlikely that she saw him as serious suitor to be the consort of a Queen.      

Down through the centuries historians have argued and novelists explored Mary’s relationships with the men in her life. Investigation and research has never conclusively proved that Mary definitely knew of the plot to assassinate her husband, who was now causing scandal enough to threaten the throne. Both Moray and Bothwell were implicated in the murder of Mary’s husband, Lord Darnley. Then Bothwell forced Mary to a marriage which she immediately regretted and both their fates became locked together, hurtling towards disaster.  

 

The Earl of Bothwell…. Definitely dangerous to know...  More than a little bad…   

And mad? Bothwell died insane after being chained to a post for years. His death mask makes disturbing viewing. Surely no one deserves to die in such a fashion?

Spy for the Queen of Scots

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The Edinburgh World Writers’ Conference  debates are online with the Conference now moving to different venues around the world. In November Theresa will be with Melvin Burgess to debate themes in Krasnayarsk in Siberia. You might like to join in!

Theresa Breslin and Kate Leiper will discuss research for the Illustrated Treasury of Scottish Folk and Fairy Tales, at events in EDINBURGH in October.  

Divided City – in conjunction with the Citizens Theatre. A schools production is now underway in South Lanarkshire with performances scheduled for 2013 in Hamilton Town House Theatre.